Motivated and informed by immersion in Parelli 'Resources', Balthazar and I had a very interesting session today.  Realized I've been  unclear in what I'm asking.  Our full pass down the fenceline was magic.  He knew how to do it all along but why should he exert himself when my energy is so low and wimpy?  He did a brilliant job.  I was walking toward him at a normal walking pace, not asking for one leg shift and then stopping as a reward.  His job was to get out of my way as I came toward him with a big bubble of energy around me.  And he did.  We were less successful getting him to full pass over a 20L container.  He wanted to walk forward and then sneak his hind legs through but not over.  Two things made a difference to success.  The first was putting the drum beneath him to show him it was okay for it to be there.  He wasn't scared of it but just didn't want it beneath him I guess.  Perhaps he didn't trust himself to be able to move over it without getting tangled up in it or something.  The second thing was being very clear that he wasn't to move forward.  The energy was bleeding out forward and he was coming nearly on top of me to avoid side passing over the drum. 
      It's something we'll have to keep working on.  Also did a bit of work on the 22' line.  Very humid and hot today.  Blinded by sweat in my eyes.  Balthazar was soaked - and neither of us were working that hard although suppose his stress level contributed.  Despite the heat I did ask him to trot around me and change directions when asked, or jump the arena logs or, more importantly, to keep going when I walked down the middle of the arena.  He tended to stop so had to be reminded to keep going. 
     Also worked on him mirroring me; walking forward when I did, halting when I did, walking backward when I did.  Not too bad but needs improvement. 
     Bit of a shock for both of us today.  Shocked him because I've been so low key that I suspect I've been unclear.  I was trying to train him as though we were still clicker training but using a cessation of asking as the reward.  It wasn't getting us anywhere and confused the situation.  Shock for me because he did so well!

33

Two sessions today. First one in a yard where we just worked on mirroring on his off side, not going forward and back but staying with me as I turned into him. Not too bad either. The second session was the same from his near side. Smelled manure on the way out. I just kept walking. The weight of the lead rope was all that was between us. I didn't walk to the end and pull or tug yet he still gave the manure up and walked up to me. Oh, started the session with the saddle pad again. Ears pinned. Wait, c/t when they relax. Went through that half a dozen times or more. He has no idea yet. His ears pinning like that shows just how much he hates the idea of being ridden. Won't go any further until he accepts the saddle pad with equanimity.

There was a horse and rider on the road. He looked at them, as expected but far more quickly than I expected he returned to work. I do think he's getting the idea of staying at my shoulder and starting to turn as I do. Having two sessions helps.

Afterwards went and sat on a stump in the yard. He smelled me over, still looking for carrots and even mouthed my hair but then started grazing. Thought he'd like his ears scratched but he wasn't in the mood at the time. A few minutes later I tried again on his other ear and he didn't mind. He's not a horse that likes being touched much although I did sneak in a hug of his neck.

Changed his feed, as I'd written earlier, to the Natural Horse by Pat Coleby. He's losing his summer coat and his winter coat is coming in. It's such a deep rich chestnut and still has a shadow of dappling on it. He looks really good.

32

Don't know if I'm doing the right thing or not. He's still evading, still manure smelling and stopping to gaze fascinated into the distance at something only he can see. Perhaps I'm just lazy but I'm not going back again to just giving carrots and then carrots with a click. It's time to move on. So we just work through it. Did alot of wwylm (clicking with eye at my shoulder) and started working with me on the offside, the side he doesn't like so much. When he evaded I just waited at the end of the lead rope until he decided to try again. A couple of times it was quite a long wait. Still, persistence will pay off in the end. One day he's going to GET IT and realize it's okay. The mugging is nearly non-existent. Occasionally he puts his nose on or near me but I just swivel my body and he gives up. The stallion excitement ongoing but so what. I keep going. It's not that I don't trust Alexandra and her experience but I don't see the advantage of going back to the start over and over again. We make no progress and he's still no more into it than he was before we did as she suggested.

Also tried when attempting wwylm to walk into him so that he would turn with me. We'd start well and then he'd kind of stall but that's to be expected. Ultimately I want him to stay with me an arm's length away from either side. When I move he moves, when I stop he stops, when I turn he turns equally well from both sides.

Interesting thing tonight for as the end piece I asked for head down. Nothing. Waited, didn't say it again and was finally able to c/t when he dropped his head a fraction. Then he dropped it alot and I c/t'd over and over again. I could tell the pressure was getting to him - all those carrots! - for he started to eat grass but I just kept c/ting (and verbally cueing it to try and reinforce it). It's almost as though he's going to have to reach a crisis of some sort, working through these evasions as we are. I mean here he is getting carrots bang bang bang bang. He's overwhelmed and attempts to opt out by picking at grass but because his head is still down he's still getting the carrots which he eats. Jackpotted at the end for a nice back up. He didn't follow me back to the yards.

Haven't written in a long time because I hit a wall with Balthazar. The evading/avoidance. I finally wrote to the clicker list and received a reply from, of all people, Alexandra Kurland, the guru of clicker training for horses. She'd become interested in my problem and wrote to me privately to offer suggestions. She thought Balthazar was probably suffering from 'poisoned cues', in which a cue gets positives and aversives attached to it. As I am the only one who has ever clicker trained him it is my fault. Alexandra suggested I start from the very beginning with a. just treating without the clicker and then b. clicking with a treat. When he is taking them without hesitation, then start introducing simple exercises. Interestingly, Balthazar evaded with just the treats, no click. That's how confused and hesitant he'd become.

We've worked through those first two exercises and are now back to clicker training. I have also, not always, started adding another session during the day with another one after feed time. The sessions have been quite short. Have always wanted to end with him wanting more. I've also reintroduced the clicker to Pagan and Dakota who absolutely love it and have no hesitation whatsoever in playing the game. One morning they were out in the dressage paddock. As it was wet I decided to wait to treat their feet until the afternoon. Pagan saw me out in the paddock and came running into the yards followed by Dakota and Balthazar. Noticed that Balthazar, if he isn't shut away from the horse I'm working with, will nudge my back with his nose in an effort to get me to play with him!

Last week I seperated Balthazar from the other two and groomed him in the yards by himself. This was not the routine and Balthazar became quite agitated, whinnying and shifting around at the end of the lead. Managed to do a very little c/t, just to have one good thing happen and then turned him out. He bucked and galloped and pig rooted and looked absolutely stunning. The next time I took him out for grooming and a session, it was old hat. He stood quietly. The following time I took him for a walk down the driveway and across the road for a bit of pick. He was a little 'up' but was too tempted by the grass to let his emotions get away from him.

I have also decided against playing as though he's a dolphin and there is no connection between us. I've reintroduced negative reinforcement (NOT punishment) as a way of communicating with him. At the moment we're working on yielding the hindquarters to a feel. A bit iffy as my 'pressure' is a gentle touch with one finger at the distal end of his abdomen but we're getting there. He does know it from Parelli's games but I want the pressure I use to be so negligible and rewarded so well that I can eventually just point and he swings away. He backed up and I just stayed with him. At first he didn't step underneath himself but as I was rewarding any movement away it didn't matter. Actually we're still at that stage. He just needs to move. We'll refine it later. Did the same exercise with Pagan and Dakota. Bang! Bang! They got it and we're sometimes yielding with just a finger point. The difference in emotional make-up and fortitude.

Unfortunately Balthazar is the most difficult horse to do c/t with. If I was working with Pagan or Dakota, especially Dakota, we'd probably be doing Spanish Walk and Courbettes by now. Be that as it may, Balthazar is the one. Dakota is just so uncomfortable to ride. Pagan is a possibility. I did break him in to ride and I think he'd be good but since he tried to buck he off once and succeeded another time I'm not confident about riding him.

Balthazar performed a magic, absolutely perfect mirroring the other day. One step forward, one step back. He was getting quite quick about it. Was really proud. Now the main thing is just to increase his confidence and keep going.

I have broken exercises up thinking staying too long with one was akin to drilling but I'm not so sure now. Perhaps I'm using that as an excuse when it is I who gets bored and wants to try something else in the hopes it will be better than what I'm currently working on. The more I read about clicker training the more I know I'm not observant enough, patient enough, or clear in my game plan. I don't have a game plan. I go out and see what happens. I suppose and hope that once Balthazar is well and truly 'into it' we'll make more and better progress. Working with the other two horses just shows how much could be done. Pagan picked up head down, which I've never taught him before, very fast. Just clicked a few times when his head happened to drop and he started looking to replicate the behaviour, the movement that earned him a carrot. Pagan would learn how to saddle himself given the chance. Perhaps I should play with him. He's got such tiny feet in relation to his size that Balthazar's easy boots would probably fit him. It all depends upon how much I want to put into it. Now that the weather is getting cooler it is much nicer to be outside.

28

Haven't worked with Balthazar for a couple of days. Couldn't groom him as he was still sweating so just took the carrots out in the paddock and began. He was very good except we had lots of evasions. I tried the 'dancing' with him again. Overfaced and overwhelmed so he grazed. But that's okay. It's a process and as he trusts more he will evade less. He was a little bit pushy today and I pushed his nose away. It was almost a smack. Regretful. Didn't hit him but it was more than a push and less than a slap. Damn. He had that look in his eyes afterwards but was 'with' me again fairly quickly.

He is getting very good at mirroring, stepping back one two even three steps almost immediately, while he's still chewing his carrot in fact. One thing that was a little off-putting happened while I was walking away. He galloped toward me bucking and plunging. I've seen this in a video where the woman sent the horse off again. She wasn't worried about being trampled or struck. I'm not that confident yet. I sent him away with a whoosh of my arms then called him to me and gave him a carrot. We can make use of this I think.

I'd almost forgotten about head down but he didn't. He was pretty quick with it. Also tried to back him (with me in front) and for him to stay while I brought the carrot to him. He evaded after two goes. Don't know why he found that too much but we'll keep practicing.

The wwylm was interesting. I didn't reward unless he was beside me and I didn't reward if he had his head in my space. He mouthed my shoulder in his eagerness to get a carrot. I didn't react nor did I give a carrot. Rewarded for correct position. It was better.

27

Mixed bag tonight. He was brilliant with wwylm on the right, staying right with me but on the left he tends to drift behind me so that he's almost walking on my heels. Even though I am holding the carrot at right angles to get him as far from me as possible, he just curves that long elegant neck around and takes it without shifting his body. It's something to work on, difficult because I can't turn around to see what position he's in, I can only judge from the angle of his neck...or feeling his hooves or chest. Still not a good thing when he's aroused.

He nickers almost constantly. Again he trotted over to meet me when I entered the paddock. We had a few evasions for I got enthusiastic and worked too long. But it was more playful tonight. Naturally. Not because I had to think about it. Was just so pleased he was pleased. Head down either prompt or with hesitation. DId some rapid fire c/t's for head down to try and implant the idea. He offers it when I'm not asking, along with backup.

Worked on having him back and stay back until I walked over with the treat, a matter of only a step. Half successful but as we've just started that I'm not concerned. Did have him back four or five steps so that was good. He had a little mug attempt, not quite touching but leaning in and sniffing. If I hadn't blocked or twisted away it would've got worse but at least he isn't as determined as before so there is steady improvement. The mirroring is getting better. Sometimes with very little hesitation. Tried tonight to introduce the first steps of 'playing', me trotting one side to the other in front of him to get him to change direction. Hopefully this will lead to a dance as I've seen on you tube.

I don't want to mix things up too much and confuse or overface him (and we did get those couple of evasions tonight) but I also don't want to drill either. We are covering the same ground with mirroring, wwylm from both sides, head down and a little back up but as he gets the idea I think it's a good idea to playfully introduce some other elements. Tried again to walk into his face with my hands at shoulder height to get him to yield. He kept backing up so I backed up with him so that I didn't lose my position at his face. When he side-stepped a tiny little step I jack potted. Tried again immediately and got the side step much faster, only one back up step so rewarded that too.

We almost stopped on an evasion but I returned to him and asked for a head down so that I could give him the last two carrots.

26

Yesterday I wrote how nice it would be if Balthazar was the first to meet me at the gate. Today when he saw me at the gate, he trotted over nickering. That is a first. He's walked over with speed but never trotted. I am so happy. The session was great too. I had my energy up as before and he responded in kind. He did better with wwylm with him on my left. His head down was much better. Less hesitation, so much so that I waited until his nose was almost touching the ground before I clicked. May as well refine it now that he's getting it so well.

I think we've had some kind of breakthrough. Today he seemed more willing to play. When we had a break I didn't walk away rather I moved beside him and scratched his back. He did get a little too excited a couple of times and was a little too close with wwylm but I think we'll be okay. I also tried a little of walking into his space at his head with my hands at shoulder height to ask him to move sideways as the start of turn on the forehand and he did. Jackpotted for that. I know it's not shaping, that it wasn't training him as though he was a dolphin but he didn't seem to mind and he got a big reward. We may be able to move into playing, perhaps where I can even start to free lunge - sending him away and calling him back. I would love him to expend some of his excess energy in galloping and bucking and whatever when he's away from me free lunging.

We did some mirroring too. Very good. Three steps back with alacrity. Very little hesitation today - like he is really, finally, getting it.

Asked him to back with cue, something he already knew. He did it very well. Want to refine that so that I walk forward with the treat rather than him coming back to get it. Want him to stay where he is after backing until asked to come forward again. A kind of yo-yo affect. C/t for backing, c/t for staying, c/t for coming forward or perhaps c/t for backing and c/t for coming forward when asked although I think it would work better if he learned to stay before I c/t for coming back or he'll always be coming back. Should be easy to train as he does take note of my posture and I can make myself Big to keep him in position.

He did want to mug a couple of times but they are half-hearted. He doesn't touch me and as he doesn't get a treat until he's stopped I think it will slowly fade completely away. The mugging is already nothing like it was.

I suspect and hope that we can start to make real progress as he understands that this work is more like playing, that only good things come from it and it's fun to do. As he understands this we may have offered behaviours or things I can capture with c/t that will start him thinking. He's a bit reactive (especially with the stallion behaviour) so with him understanding that there will only be positive things or no thing but never a bad thing, he might be more open to learning and playing.

25

Again had a session this morning. Big change on my part for I increased my energy by walking quickly around the circle or on a straight line. Consequently Balthazar mirrored my energy and my movements in a much more timely fashion. No mugging per se although he did curl his head around a couple of times when I asked for a mirrored backup. No problem however. Stallion behaviour non existent. He didn't even have time to drop much. We were walking much too fast. Even had a couple of trots. Now to keep working on the refinement of wwylm so that he remains at my shoulder at this quicker pace. I think it keeps him more interested. There isn't time to evade although I did leave him behind a couple of times before he caught up which may have been taking a breather for him. Still, it was a very good session. I only intended to use half my carrots this morning so there'd be enough for tonight but it was going so well I used them all.

I had to get him out of the paddock with the others using a halter. He's the only one who didn't raise his head and start walking toward me when I was at the gate. I look forward to the day when he is the first to meet me at the gate. It will happen.

When we finished he'd entered the paddock when the others were in the 'Jenny Craig' paddock so I used the halter to catch him again. Took him out and asked him to move out of my space as I turned in to him as we left the gate. Slow to do so but I rewarded when he did. He's very light on the halter leading but doesn't yet know to get out of my way when I move into his space. That too will come with time.

It was a very interesting session using this higher energy. When we eventually come to lunging at liberty I hope that he will play, turn, trot, canter, run away and run back. That would be terrific. At the very least I can see we have improved. Greatly improved and that's wonderful.

24

Had two sessions today, one this morning and another this evening. This morning he was brilliant. I did work on refining the wwylm so that he was only rewarded when his head was beside my shoulder. Worked well. No mugging, no evasions. I did walk away frequently so that he wouldn't have to feel overwhelmed. He was staying with me and I could take a few steps before rewarding him as he stuck so well to the position. Also a few mirroring steps. He was stepping backwards more quickly, not so much hesitation. Even asked for two steps backwards and he was doing it as well. He still hesitates before putting his head down with a verbal cue but that will improve with time. It isn't a long hesitation but it's not immediate yet.

This afternoon wasn't quite as brilliant. Walked into the paddock and he followed immediately. He did attempt to mug three times. I blocked him for two and walked away the third. He never touched me but the intention was there. The wwylm wasn't quite as good as this morning. He does better with me on the left, not quite so sharp on the right. Again it will take time. The mirroring wasn't quite as good either. A little stallion behaviour, more than this morning but still a good session. Just have to remember how far we've come. At least I feel that he feels c/ting with me is a Good Thing. Even though I'm sure he evades because he is overwhelmed the evasions aren't so frequent, mostly because I walk away first but I also suspect that he is getting used to the clicker training and is starting to enjoy it for its own sake.


When we finished this afternoon I called him over. I was returning to the yards and he, knowing we'd finished or having an evasion, was grazing. He came over with a couple of stops to chew on a leg or bite at a fly and I jackpotted him for coming. Very pleased with both of us.

23

Day before yesterday I spent perhaps 3 minutes playing with Balthazar. Short and sweet. Today we probably worked for 10 minutes, perhaps longer. No mugging. No evasions. I walked away first and he followed. Walked out into the paddock and called him after grooming him thoroughly. He came and we started with wwylm, head down and some mirroring. He was very good. The wwylm was better, working well from either side. If he is this good next time I should probably start refining it so that I'm not luring him into position with the carrot but only c/ting when he is in position. I think he's familiar enough now with the concept to get that he has to stay at my shoulder. Once he has that we can start maneuvering so that he is doing shoulder in while wwylm.

He is improving with the head down, offering it even when not asked. He doesn't get a carrot for that. He didn't back as often today, perhaps because we were mostly working forward, walking about the circle I've made in the paddock. When I walked away from him - to give him a break so that he wouldn't evade - I'd cut across the circle so that we would have a change of direction in wwylm. It worked well for he would come up on the opposite side (except once when he came directly behind me but by holding the carrot out on the side I wanted him on, that wasn't a problem.

He did get a little excited but because of the frequent breaks it didn't get out of hand. There was a little burble of too much stallion behaviour but it was so quick and so quickly under control again that it didn't bother me. I think the breaks help him to keep things under control..

Our neighbour reiterated to Richard today that I was welcome to ride his land any time I wanted. It is so tempting to throw the saddle on and go. I miss riding the hills but I musn't rush things. We are nowhere near that stage. I could do it and Balthazar would be okay about it but I would much rather build a relationship where we enjoy our times together and it's fun for him too. I do need to get off my bum and work with him more than once a day. It doesn't take long and it would move things along if he knew that every time he saw me he has a good time. I keep thinking I must train him as though he is a dolphin, free shaping everything so that he never feels confined and it is his choice. Naturally it would be faster if I put him on a lead and lunged him and did all the exercises with him attached to me but I don't think it would ultimately work because it is his mind that I want to attach to not his head with a rope and halter.

22

Intention is everything. Animals are smart in ways we can't imagine. Balthazar must think I'm a frustrated school marm. I go in there with the set lesson plan and off we go. I should be wearing a lab coat or wear spectacles and have my hair in a bun (which I kind of do). Anyway. Didn't work with him yesterday because I got home too late. He was still locked in the stall when I went out so I went in with him and collected his feed tub to put away. He was still standing in the stall and I asked him to come using the 'come' hand motion I always use when I call him. He hadn't budged before then but he came when I asked. It was too mucky to work in the yards so I just asked for a couple of head down and then moved into the paddock.

He is definitely improving with the head down cue. Also improving with the wwylm except when he is on my left. He slipped over to the right and I didn't c/t so he came back to the left which was good. He tried to mug once (at the feed pouch) but I just blocked him so that was good too. The stallion behaviour was present but only verging on over the top so that was also good. He evaded once as did I. I didn't catch the signs the first time but did the second so that was also good. He was also quicker to mirror me, backing with less hesitation than before. Also good.

But the sentence at the beginning of this post about intention was made apparent at the end when we'd finished, the treat pouch was gone and I'd put out some pumpkin for the horses to eat. Balthazar doesn't like watermelon and he wasn't too sure about pumpkin either although he did try some in the end. I was standing on the other side of the gate. He left the pumpkin and came over to me. I scratched his face and neck as I often do and he pressed himself into the gate so that he could press into me, hanging his head over my back while I scratched him. He's never done that before. I continued to scratch his neck and then stepped back so I could lightly scratch his face. I blew in his nostrils and he stretched his muzzle out so we could *breathe* each other. It was lovely. It is the first time I have felt affection from him. I know he was getting scratched on places he can't do himself but it seemed more than that. Because I was out of 'teaching mode' and just hanging out with him, albeit on the other side of the gate, the feeling was one of friendship rather than teacher/student.

Now I need to bring that same intention, that friendly intention, rather than teacher intention, to our sessions together. It always comes back to me. The problems and challenges I have with horses (or birds, cats, dogs and husband even) is not what they do but how I *do* to them, how I react or act towards them. What my INTENTION is.

21

Sessions deteriorate when we haven't had them for awhile. It's been two or three days. Initially I was pleased when I saw him standing at the gate nickering for me. Wow, he likes me! Nah, he likes the carrots. Groomed him thoroughly. It's been so hot and sultry that he was streaked with sweat mixed with dirt. His mane and forelock were sticky with cobwebs. He looked much better afterwards. It was nice to see the sheen come back on some of his coat. His spine and back are bleached with the sun but he gleams elsewhere.

So finished grooming and started the session. At least he didn't attack as he did the last time we had a break. He knew. I asked for head down. We worked on head down quite a bit. I want him to know the verbal cue so that there is no hesitation. He did okay. Not terrific but not bad. There was heightened stallion behaviour today. He even had a little stallion tantrum as before which I ignored. Just went on as usual. Notice that when he gets overexcited he sometimes initiates the break, the evasion. Like he can't handle it and knows if he doesn't stop something bad will happen - and not necessarily to him. Some of the evasions were quite long. I initiated some too when he got too mouthy - yes, we're back to mugging a bit, not like before, slobbering all over my person but getting a little grabby with the taking of the treats and if I don't deliver them quickly enough than he is shoving his muzzle in my space. So there is improvement there. Must remember that. It wasn't rgR long ago he was drooling all over me.

We also worked on mirroring and wwylm. He is catching on to the mirroring. I want him to walk beside me, at my shoulder so that eventually I can place his head in front of me so that he is doing a kind of shoulder in. But that's a LONG way off. There are moments when he is walking beside me, with me, and I'm c/ting all the time and then a few times when I can put a tiny bit of duration in and he's still with me. But it's sloppy and needs refinement. The excitement is the thing. When he's that excited he can't think and when he's that excited, to be honest, neither can I. I'm giving him treats because I want him to want this but also to keep him from turning into me and mugging.

I did growl at him once when his muzzle grazed my arm. Also when grooming, he still attempts to nip. It's not a bite, he's only grabbing with his lips but I'm unsure how to handle it. At the moment I'm only shoving his nose away. I don't want to use an adversive. I don't want to see his ears pinned again and lose that fragile trust that blooms and fades so easily with him.

Today was okay but lacked consistency, delicacy and timing. I need to slow down more than he does. One time when he evaded I waited and then decided, as it had gone on for so long, that I may as well end the session even though it wasn't on a good note. He came trotting to me. Which reminds me that when I left the yards, he was grazing. I called him and he walked with animation to meet me. That was good.

He's such a lovely horse. I don't know that I will ever get that 'invitation to ride' that I would like so much. We don't seem to make much progress but I suppose we are. It's just terribly slow which in a way is a good thing because it teaches me to slow down. I've always been too impatient and clicker training, if it's going to work, must needs be done with care and lots of patience and time.

19

A quick session in the yards after bringing the horses in from morning pick. Wwylm in an imaginary circle, head down, mirroring. No mugging...yet. One evasion I saw coming and didn't act upon. Should've walked away but stayed even though I knew he was going to quit. Still, not the end of the world, still learning.

But worse was to come. Balthazar started to mug and put his mouth to my breast. I reacted and slapped him, not hard but it did make a 'slap' sound, on his muzzle. He jerked his head away and pinned his ears. I stared at him for a moment and walked into the stall giving us both some time out. When I joined him he was reluctant to join in. He'd take the carrot and then go back to grazing. Finished when he was doing wwylm well again.

Finished with some gentle nail scratches around his face which he seems to enjoy. Regret that I slapped him. Didn't mean to, just felt suddenly vulnerable and did it. Again, not the end of the world but of course it sets us back a little. He won't forget. Interesting that he pinned his ears. Violence begets violence.

19

Excellent, excellent, excellent! Again didn't work for two days because of weather so was interested in seeing how he was after the break (last time was Mug City!). He was already in the paddock so went out to meet him. He saw me so rewarded him coming to me and then continued to the wwylm circle. No evasions, no mugging! Granted, I did walk away a couple of times but he simply changed directions and followed me. He was mirroring much better too, taking a step back almost immediately rather than mulling it over as previously. The stallion behaviour, except for the nickering and dropping, was in abeyance too. Once, when he came up behind me and I thought he was going to mug, rather than doing so he turned his head away. I waited until he swung it back almost straight and c/t'd.

Another big joy from today happened as we walked the wwylm circle. I've been c/ting as he followed me but not attempting to position him at my shoulder (previously at my shoulder, with his stallion behaviour was not a good idea). Today I took a step, perhaps two, then c/t'd him so that he stayed at my shoulder rather than lagging behind then catching up to get the carrot. This worked well for the mirroring as well. Did one or two verbal hean downs and he complied almost immediately. Very proud of him. Big jackpot at the end.

One other thing, because he was at my shoulder it wasn't always possible to stretch his neck out to get the carrot, but even though his neck was arched he didn't go over the top stallion behaviour wise.

16

7 minutes. Liberty. Peach paddock. Today, when I said his name, he came over to greet me. Mugging was an issue, again. Walked away several times because he was in my space. Hopefully he'll catch on. God, I hope he catches on. This mugging issue has been going on for far too long. He does do other things. He was much better, sharper, at mirroring. Doing it almost immediately. Want to finesse that so it's just a weight shift, so that he has to really concentrate. If he concentrates that may push the stallion/mugging behaviour aside a bit. Also worked on verbal cue head down. Still not got it. Not his strength but we'll get there. Wwylm around the cones. Quite good. That's where we also mirrored. He is offering 'back' in lieu of head down, because I c/t'd them both when we first started head down. Now he's offering it too much so I don't c/t it. Said head down, he backed away from me so that he was actually behind me. Watched his shadow and c/t'd when he finally did it.

No evasions today and very pleased he came over to greet me.

15

Ten minutes. Liberty. Peach paddock. Wwylm around the brick circle used in lieu of witch's hats. Verbal cue Head down and backing when I back, forward when I forward - perhaps I'll call that mirroring. I wasn't going to work at liberty in the paddock, thought when he saw me in the yards he would come but he didn't so I went to him (that's something which gives pause as one would think all those carrots would have a horse running to eat them. Bet if I just gave carrots, ad lib, with no waiting for offered behaviour, no cueing, no walking in small circles, Balthazar would come running). Anyway, he did mug a couple of times. When he mugs now he crowds me with his head. He isn't actually chewing at me or the bag (with the exception of the other day when my leg was stretched out behind me in an effort to *get* mirroring). I thought before it was a bad idea to give ground, that whole dominance alpha thing. Now, I walk away. With the treat bag. It was interesting as he didn't follow me but stood stock still. After 15 or 20 seconds I would c/t and we'd start again. Interesting for today I walked away (not for his mugging) but to avoid an evasion. He walked away too, in the opposite direction. I was first but perhaps I should've gone a second sooner. He did evade a second time too which wasn't good.

The stallion like behaviour, loose in the peach paddock, was a bit more intense than it's been. Because we were practicing wwylm, he was getting reinforced very frequently. He tended to float behind me although he did improve in the end. When the intensity mounted (no pun intended) I would walk away to give him a chance to cool down. I can tell he gets frustrated. I'm not sure if it's because he's so sexually excited or because he's not getting a continuous flow of carrots but he does this little half, not even half, eighth bounce, almost a rear, and kind of snort.

I think he is starting to get the verbal cue for head down. It's not instaneous but it is happening. I can almost see him putting two and two together. He backed with one finger today. He does know backing. I tried to c/t when he was rocking his weight back before he took a step. Wasn't always successful but we'll improve with practice.

I hope I can look back at these posts a year from now and see how far we've come.